Case Studies
More Information (Natural Attenuation Studies, Protocols, and
Guidance)
A number of key studies have contributed to our
understanding of natural attenuation. Rifai (1997) and Barker and Wilson (1997)
described the concept of natural aerobic and anaerobic biological attenuation,
respectively, at the Subsurface Remediation Conference held in Dallas in 1992.
AFCEE (1995 and 1997) developed a detailed field protocol for assessing natural
attenuation at fuel hydrocarbon and chlorinated solvent sites, respectively.
The USEPA (1994a and 1996) conducted two symposia on natural attenuation of
fuels and chlorinated solvents, and the USEPA (1994b) Office of Underground
Storage Tanks (OUST) has developed an evaluation methodology for natural attenuation.
The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) as well as a number of
state agencies and private sector companies have issued guidance on natural
attenuation (ASTM, 1998; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources [WDNR], 1993;
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation [FDER], 1990; Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency [MPCA], 1995; Chevron Research and Development Company, 1995;
Mobil Oil Corporation, 1995; Amoco, 1995.).
Through detailed natural
attenuation evaluations at over 70
sites across the country the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment
(AFCEE) was instrumental in gaining a better understanding of natural attenuation
at the field scale. Based on their work at these sites, AFCEE published several
technical guidance documents or protocols including:
In addition, the USEPA's technical report titled
Technical
Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater
(USEPA.,
1998a) is based in large part on the work done by AFCEE (AFCEE,
1997).
AFCEE Case Studies
Numerous case studies on the evaluation of natural
attenuation are available below:
- Beyond
the USEPA Protocol for Evaluation Natural Attenuation
- Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents - Performance and Cost Results from
Multiple Air Force Demonstration Sites (October 1999)
This technical memorandum summarizes the results of natural attenuation treatability studies conducted at 14 US Air Force sites in the
Continental US. In June 1993, the AFCEE, in cooperation with the US EPA and Parsons, began a major initiative to evaluate the effectiveness of monitored
natural attenuation for remediation of groundwater contaminated with organic compounds. The results of natural attenuation evaluations at sites contaminated
with chlorinated solvents and their associated biodegradation daughter products or a mixture of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and other contaminants
(principally fuel hydrocarbons) are presented in this document. Download the report
or the presentation.
- Natural Attenuation of Fuel Hydrocarbons - Performance and Cost Results from Multiple
Air Force Demonstration Sites (October 1999)
This technical memorandum summarizes the results of natural attenuation treatability studies (TSs) conducted at multiple US Air Force
sites in the Continental US. In June 1993, the AFCEE, in cooperation with the US EPA and Parsons began a major initiative to evaluate the effectiveness of
monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for remediation of groundwater contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons. The results are summarized in this technical
memorandum. Download the report or the
presentation.
- Observations
from the AFCEE Natural Attenuation Initiative and Others
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